Chapter 25 References
Apostolou, Menelaos. 2019. “Why Men Stay Single? Evidence from Reddit.” Evolutionary Psychological Science 5 (1): 87–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40806-018-0163-7.
Aslam, Salman. 2021. “• Instagram by the Numbers (2021): Stats, Demographics & Fun Facts.” https://www.omnicoreagency.com/instagram-statistics/.
Baertl, M. 2018. “YouTube Channels, Uploads and Views: A Statistical Analysis of the Past 10 Years.” Convergence.
Barrie, Christopher, and Justin Ho. 2021. “academictwitteR: An r Package to Access the Twitter Academic Research Product Track V2 API Endpoint.” Journal of Open Source Software 6 (62): 3272. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.03272.
Bedini, Farazi, I. 2014. “Open Government Data: Fostering Innovation. EJournal of EDemocracy and Open Government.” EJournal of EDemocracy and Open Government.
Bene, Márton, and Simon Kruschinski. 2021. “Political Advertising on Facebook.” In Campaigning on Facebook in the 2019 European Parliament Election: Informing, Interacting with, and Mobilising Voters, edited by Jörg Haßler, Melanie Magin, Uta Russmann, and Vicente Fenoll, 283–99. Political Campaigning and Communication. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73851-8_18.
Benkler, Yochai, Hal Roberts, Robert Faris, Alicia Solow-Niederman, and Bruce Etling. 2015. “Social Mobilization and the Networked Public Sphere: Mapping the SOPA-PIPA Debate.” Political Communication 32 (4): 594–624. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2014.986349.
Benoit, Kenneth, Kohei Watanabe, Haiyan Wang, Paul Nulty, Adam Obeng, Stefan Müller, and Akitaka Matsuo. 2018. “quanteda: An R package for the quantitative analysis of textual data.” Journal of Open Source Software 3 (30): 774. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.00774.
Berriche, Manon, and Sacha Altay. 2020. “Internet Users Engage More with Phatic Posts Than with Health Misinformation on Facebook.” Palgrave Communications 6 (1): 1–9.
Blevins, Cameron, and Lincoln Mullen. 2015. “Jane, John... Leslie? A Historical Method for Algorithmic Gender Prediction.” DHQ: Digital Humanities Quarterly 9 (3).
Brodeur, Clark, A. 2021. “COVID-19, Lockdowns and Well-Being: Evidence from Google Trends.” Journal of Public Economics.
Broniatowski, David A, Amelia M Jamison, Neil F Johnson, Nicolás Velasquez, Rhys Leahy, Nicholas Johnson Restrepo, Mark Dredze, and Sandra C Quinn. 2020. “Facebook Pages, the ‘Disneyland’ Measles Outbreak, and Promotion of Vaccine Refusal as a Civil Right, 2009-2019.” Am. J. Public Health 110 (S3): S312–18.
Brown, Rebecca C, Eileen Bendig, Tin Fischer, A David Goldwich, Harald Baumeister, and Paul L Plener. 2019. “Can Acute Suicidality Be Predicted by Instagram Data? Results from Qualitative and Quantitative Language Analyses.” PLoS One 14 (9): e0220623.
Brügger, Niels, Ditte Laursen, and Janne Nielsen. 2017. “Exploring the Domain Names of the Danish Web.” In The Web as History: Using Web Archives to Understand the Past and the Present, edited by Niels Brügger and Ralph Schroeder. UCL Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1mtz55k.
Bruns, Axel. 2019. “After the APIcalypse: Social Media Platforms and Their Fight Against Critical Scholarly Research.” Information, Communication & Society 22 (11): 1544–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2019.1637447.
Bruns, Axel, Stephen Harrington, and Edward Hurcombe. 2020. “‘Corona? 5G? Or Both?’: The Dynamics of COVID-19/5G Conspiracy Theories on Facebook.” Media International Australia 177 (1): 12–29.
Burgess, Jean, and Axel Bruns. 2015. “Easy Data, Hard Data: The Politics and Pragmatics of Twitter Research After the Computational Turn.” Compromised Data: From Social Media to Big Data. Bloomsbury Academic New York, NY.
Calvo, Dafne, Lorena Cano-Orón, and Tomás Baviera. 2021. “Global Spaces for Local Politics: An Exploratory Analysis of Facebook Ads in Spanish Election Campaigns.” Social Sciences 10 (7): 271. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10070271.
Cano-Orón, Lorena, Dafne Calvo, Guillermo López García, and Tomás Baviera. 2021. “Disinformation in Facebook Ads in the 2019 Spanish General Election Campaigns.” Media and Communication 9 (1): 217–28. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v9i1.3335.
Capozzi, Arthur, Gianmarco De Francisci Morales, Yelena Mejova, Corrado Monti, André Panisson, and Daniela Paolotti. 2021. “Clandestino or Rifugiato? Anti-immigration Facebook Ad Targeting in Italy.” In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–15. Yokohama Japan: ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445082.
Chatziasimidis, Fragkiskos, and Ioannis Stamelos. 2015. “Data Collection and Analysis of GitHub Repositories and Users.” In 2015 6th International Conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems and Applications (IISA), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/IISA.2015.7388026.
Chipidza, Wallace, Christopher Krewson, Nicole Gatto, Elmira Akbaripourdibazar, and Tendai Gwanzura. 2022. “Ideological Variation in Preferred Content and Source Credibility on Reddit During the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Big Data & Society 9 (1): 20539517221076486. https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517221076486.
Chrisinger, Benjamin W., Eliza W. Kinsey, Ellie Pavlick, and Chris Callison-Burch. 2021. “SNAP Judgments into the Digital Age: Reporting on Food Stamps Varies Significantly with Time, Publication Type, and Political Leaning.” Commun. Methods Meas., November, 1–18.
Clemm von Hohenberg, Bernhard. 2022. “Truth and Bias, Left and Right.”
Corrêa, Corrêa, A. S. 2015. “A Collaborative-Oriented Middleware for Structuring Information to Open Government Data.” Proceedings of the 16th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research.
Cosentino, Valerio, Javier Luis Cánovas Izquierdo, and Jordi Cabot. 2016. “Findings from GitHub: Methods, Datasets and Limitations.” In 2016 IEEE/ACM 13th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR), 137–41.
Djourelova, Milena, Ruben Durante, Elliot Motte, and Eleonora Patacchini. 2024. “Experience, Narratives, and Climate Change Beliefs.” Working Paper.
Dobbrick, Timo, Julia Jakob, Chung-Hong Chan, and Hartmut Wessler. 2021. “Enhancing Theory-Informed Dictionary Approaches with ‘Glass-Box’ Machine Learning: The Case of Integrative Complexity in Social Media Comments.” Commun. Methods Meas., November, 1–18.
Edelson, Laura, Tobias Lauinger, and Damon McCoy. 2020. “A Security Analysis of the Facebook Ad Library.” In 2020 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP), 661–78. San Francisco, CA, USA: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/SP40000.2020.00084.
Edmondson, Mark. 2017. “Google Cloud Speech API.” https://mran.microsoft.com/snapshot/2017-09-27/web/packages/googleLanguageR/vignettes/speech.html.
ElBahrawy, Abeer, Laura Alessandretti, and Andrea Baronchelli. 2019. “Wikipedia and Cryptocurrencies: Interplay Between Collective Attention and Market Performance.” Frontiers in Blockchain 2: 12.
Evsyukova, Yulia, Felix Rusche, and Wladislaw Mill. 2023. “LinkedOut? A Field Experiment on Discrimination in Job Network Formation.” CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series No. 482. https://www.crctr224.de/research/discussion-papers/archive/dp482.
Facebook for Developers. 2021. “Instagram Basic Display API.” https://developers.facebook.com/docs/instagram-basic-display-api/.
“FAQs.” 2022. https://www.openstreetmap.de/faq.html#was_ist_osm.
Ferwerda, Bruce, Markus Schedl, and Marko Tkalcic. 2015. “Predicting Personality Traits with Instagram Pictures.” In Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Emotions and Personality in Personalized Systems 2015, 7–10. EMPIRE ’15. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery.
Fowler, Erika Franklin, Michael M. Franz, Gregory J. Martin, Zachary Peskowitz, and Travis N. Ridout. 2021. “Political Advertising Online and Offline.” American Political Science Review 115 (1): 130–49. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055420000696.
Gaudette, Tiana, Ryan Scrivens, Garth Davies, and Richard Frank. 2021. “Upvoting Extremism: Collective Identity Formation and the Extreme Right on Reddit.” New Media & Society 23 (12): 3491–3508. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820958123.
Gavras, Konstantin. 2022. “The Conditions and Nature of Europeanized Public Discourse ? A Multi-Lingual QTA Analysis of Public Discourses in Europe Using the Internet Archive, 2016-2019.” PhD thesis, Mannheim. https://madoc.bib.uni-mannheim.de/62270/.
Gavras, Konstantin, Jan Karem Höhne, Annelies G Blom, and Harald Schoen. 2022. “Innovating the Collection of Open-Ended Answers: The Linguistic and Content Characteristics of Written and Oral Answers to Political Attitude Questions.” J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. A Stat. Soc. tba (tba): 1–19.
Gavras, Konstantin, and Lukas Isermann. 2022. archiveRetriever: Retrieve Archived Web Pages from the ’Internet Archive’. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=archiveRetriever.
Gozzi, Nicolò, Michele Tizzani, Michele Starnini, Fabio Ciulla, Daniela Paolotti, André Panisson, and Nicola Perra. 2020. “Collective Response to Media Coverage of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Reddit and Wikipedia: Mixed-Methods Analysis.” Journal of Medical Internet Research 22 (10): e21597.
Grimmer, Justin, and Brandon M Stewart. 2013. “Text as Data: The Promise and Pitfalls of Automatic Content Analysis Methods for Political Texts.” Polit. Anal. 21 (3): 267–97.
Haim, Mario, Andreas Graefe, and Hans-Bernd Brosius. 2018. “Burst of the Filter Bubble?” Digital Journalism 6 (3): 330–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2017.1338145.
Hale, Scott A., Grant Blank, and Victoria D. Alexander. 2017. “Live Versus Archive: Comparing a Web Archive to a Population of Web Pages.” In The Web as History: Using Web Archives to Understand the Past and the Present, edited by Niels Brügger and Ralph Schroeder. UCL Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1mtz55k.
Hale, Scott A., Taha Yasseri, Josh Cowls, Eric T. Meyer, Ralph Schroeder, and Helen Margetts. 2014. “Mapping the UK Webspace: Fifteen Years of British Universities on the Web.” In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM Conference on Web Science - WebSci ’14, 62–70. Bloomington, Indiana, USA: ACM Press. https://doi.org/10.1145/2615569.2615691.
Haßler, Jörg, Anna-Katharina Wurst, Marc Jungblut, and Katharina Schlosser. 2021. “Influence of the Pandemic Lockdown on Fridays for Future’s Hashtag Activism.” New Media & Society, 14614448211026575. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211026575.
Hintze, P, and T. Lakes. 2009. “Geographically Referenced Data for Social Science.” Working {Paper} No. 125. German Council for Social; Economic Data (RatSWD). http://ssrn.com/abstract=1498449.
Hipp, Lena, and Markus Konrad. 2021. “Has Covid-19 Increased Gender Inequalities in Professional Advancement? Cross-Country Evidence on Productivity Differences Between Male and Female Software Developers.” Journal of Family Research, September. https://doi.org/10.20377/jfr-697.
Holman, Luke, Devi Stuart-Fox, and Cindy E. Hauser. 2018. “The Gender Gap in Science: How Long Until Women Are Equally Represented?” PLOS Biology 16 (4): e2004956. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2004956.
Hosseinmardi, Homa, Sabrina Arredondo Mattson, Rahat Ibn Rafiq, Richard Han, Qin Lv, and Shivakant Mishr. 2015. “Prediction of Cyberbullying Incidents on the Instagram Social Network,” August. https://arxiv.org/abs/1508.06257.
Hu, Yuheng, L Manikonda, and S Kambhampati. 2014. “What We Instagram: A First Analysis of Instagram Photo Content and User Types.” ICWSM.
Huckins, Jeremy F, Alex W daSilva, Weichen Wang, Elin Hedlund, Courtney Rogers, Subigya K Nepal, Jialing Wu, et al. 2020. “Mental Health and Behavior of College Students During the Early Phases of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Smartphone and Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.” Journal of Medical Internet Research 22 (6): e20185. https://doi.org/10.2196/20185.
Instagram. 2021. “Instagram Developer Documentation.” https://www.instagram.com/developer/.
Internet Archive. 2016. Wayback CDX Server API - BETA. https://github.com/internetarchive/wayback/tree/master/wayback-cdx-server#readme.
———. 2022. “About the Internet Archive.” 2022. https://archive.org/about/.
Kearney, Michael. 2019. “Rtweet: Collecting and Analyzing Twitter Data.” Journal of Open Source Software 4 (42): 1829. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.01829.
Konrad, Markus. 2020. “Using Google Places Data to Analyze Changes in Mobility During the COVID-19 Pandemic.” https://datascience.blog.wzb.eu/2020/05/11/using-google-places-data-to-analyze-changes-in-mobility-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/.
Lacognata, Anthony, and Jennifer Poole. 2021. “The Melodies of Politics: Assessing a Correlation Between Music Taste and Political Views with Spotify.” Journal of Student Research 10 (November). https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v10i3.1898.
Larsson, Anders Olof. 2020. “Right-Wingers on the Rise Online: Insights from the 2018 Swedish Elections.” New Media & Society 22 (12): 2108–27.
Lima, Antonio, Luca Rossi, and Mirco Musolesi. 2014. “Coding Together at Scale: GitHub as a Collaborative Social Network.” In Eighth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media.
Littman, Justin, Daniel Chudnov, Daniel Kerchner, Christie Peterson, Yecheng Tan, Rachel Trent, Rajat Vij, and Laura Wrubel. 2018. “API-based Social Media Collecting as a Form of Web Archiving.” International Journal on Digital Libraries 19 (1): 21–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00799-016-0201-7.
Liu, Liu, C. 2018. “Open Government Data: The German Government Is Moving.” Asia-Pacific Social Science and Modern Education Conference (SSME 2018).
MacTaggart, Andrew. 2018. “Pop Music and Politics: Tracking Political Trends Through the Hot 100 Chart, 1959-2016 - ProQuest.” Harvard University. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2487180443?fromopenview=true&pq-origsite=gscholar&parentSessionId=PiWLVy66xd%2FXPi84svQkAEg0ze49z52W1qhA3%2BBQlVs%3D.
Margolin, Drew B, Sasha Goodman, Brian Keegan, Yu-Ru Lin, and David Lazer. 2016. “Wiki-Worthy: Collective Judgment of Candidate Notability.” Information, Communication & Society 19 (8): 1029–45.
Marienfeld, Schieferdecker, F. 2013. “Metadata Aggregation at GovData.de: An Experience Report.” Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Open Collaboration.
Matamoros-Fernández, Ariadna, and Johan Farkas. 2021. “Racism, Hate Speech, and Social Media: A Systematic Review and Critique.” Television & New Media 22 (2): 205–24. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527476420982230.
Mavragani, Tsagarakis, A. 2019. “Predicting Referendum Results in the Big Data Era.” J Big Data.
Milligan, Ian, Nick Ruest, and Jimmy Lin. 2016. “Content Selection and Curation for Web Archiving: The Gatekeepers Vs. The Masses.” In Proceedings of the 16th ACM/IEEE-CS on Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, 107–10. Newark New Jersey USA: ACM. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2910896.2910913.
Newman, Nic, Richard Fletcher, Anne Schulz, Simge Andi, Craig T Robertson, and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen. 2021. “Reuters Institute digital news report 2021.”
Obadimu, Mead, A. 2019. “Identifying Toxicity Within Youtube Video Comment.” In International Conference on Social Computing, Behavioral-Cultural Modeling and Prediction and Behavior Representation in Modeling and Simulation.
Ostermann, K., Eppelsheimer, J., Gläser, N., Haller, P., and Oertel, M. 2022. “Geodata in Labor Market Research: Trends, Potentials, and Perspectives” 1 (115).
“Overpass API.” 2022. https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Overpass_API.
“Overpass API/Applications.” 2022. https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Overpass_API/Applications.
Prado-Román C, Orden-Cruz C., Gómez-Martínez R. 2021. “Google Trends as a Predictor of Presidential Elections: The United States Versus Canada.” American Behavioral Scientist.
Prates, Marcelo O R, Pedro H C Avelar, and Luis Lamb. 2018. “Assessing Gender Bias in Machine Translation – a Case Study with Google Translate,” September. https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.02208.
Proferes, Nicholas, Naiyan Jones, Sarah Gilbert, Casey Fiesler, and Michael Zimmer. 2021. “Studying Reddit: A Systematic Overview of Disciplines, Approaches, Methods, and Ethics.” Social Media + Society 7 (2): 205630512110190. https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051211019004.
Proksch, Sven-Oliver, Christopher Wratil, and Jens Wäckerle. 2019. “Testing the Validity of Automatic Speech Recognition for Political Text Analysis.” Polit. Anal. 27 (3): 339–59.
Puschmann, Cornelius, and Mario Haim. 2021. “useNews.” https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/UZCA3.
Quarati, Alfonso, and Monica De Martino. 2019. “Open Government Data Usage: A Brief Overview.” In IDEAS 2019, 23rd International Database Engineering & Applications Symposium. unknown.
Rauchfleisch, Adrian, Dario Siegen, and Daniel Vogler. 2021. “How COVID-19 Displaced Climate Change: Mediated Climate Change Activism and Issue Attention in the Swiss Media and Online Sphere.” Environmental Communication, November, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2021.1990978.
Revilla, Melanie, and Mick P Couper. 2021. “Improving the Use of Voice Recording in a Smartphone Survey.” Soc. Sci. Comput. Rev. 39 (6): 1159–78.
Rieder, Matamoros-Fernández, B. 2018. “From Ranking Algorithms to ‘Ranking Cultures’: Investigating the Modulation of Visibility in YouTube Search Results.” Convergence.
Rivera, Ivan. 2022. “RedditExtractoR: Reddit Data Extraction Toolkit.” https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=RedditExtractoR.
Roberts, Hal, Rahul Bhargava, Linas Valiukas, Dennis Jen, Momin M Malik, Cindy Bishop, Emily Ndulue, et al. 2021. “Media Cloud: Massive Open Source Collection of Global News on the Open Web.” arXiv Preprint arXiv:2104.03702.
Royé, Dominic. 2018. “Accessing OpenStreetMap Data with R.” https://www.r-bloggers.com/2018/11/accessing-openstreetmap-data-with-r/.
Rudnytskyi, Iegor. 2023. Openai: R Wrapper for OpenAI API. https://github.com/irudnyts/openai.
Salem, Hamza, and Fabian Stephany. 2021. “Wikipedia: A Challenger’s Best Friend? Utilizing Information-Seeking Behaviour Patterns to Predict US Congressional Elections.” Information, Communication & Society, 1–27.
Schmøkel, Rasmus, and Michael Bossetta. 2021. “FBAdLibrarian and Pykognition: Open Science Tools for the Collection and Emotion Detection of Images in Facebook Political Ads with Computer Vision.” Journal of Information Technology & Politics 0 (0): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2021.1928579.
Schober, Michael F, Frederick G Conrad, Christopher Antoun, Patrick Ehlen, Stefanie Fail, Andrew L Hupp, Michael Johnston, Lucas Vickers, H Yanna Yan, and Chan Zhang. 2015. “Precision and Disclosure in Text and Voice Interviews on Smartphones.” PLoS One 10 (6): e0128337.
Shen, Yiqin Alicia, Jason M. Webster, Yuichi Shoda, and Ione Fine. 2018. “Persistent Underrepresentation of Women’s Science in High Profile Journals.” https://doi.org/10.1101/275362.
Silge, Julia, and David Robinson. 2016. “tidytext: Text Mining and Analysis Using Tidy Data Principles in R.” Journal of Open Source Software 1 (3). https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.00037.
Song, Hemmi, Jon Chun, and Katherine Elkins. 2021. “Tracking the Emotion of Music Across the Covid-19 Pandemic.” In. https://doi.org/10.3109/10673229.2011.549769.
Steinberg, S. J., and S. L. Steinberg. 2006. GIS: Geographic Information Systems for the Social Sciences: Investigating Space and Place. Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: SAGE Publications.
Sun, Seungjong, Eungu Lee, Dongyan Nan, Xiangying Zhao, Wonbyung Lee, Bernard J. Jansen, and Jang Hyun Kim. 2024. “Random Silicon Sampling: Simulating Human Sub-Population Opinion Using a Large Language Model Based on Group-Level Demographic Information.” https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.18144.
Tankovska, H. n.d. “Topic: Instagram.” https://www.statista.com/topics/1882/instagram/.
Wais, Kamil. 2016. “Gender Prediction Methods Based on First Names with genderizeR.” The R Journal 8 (1): 17. https://doi.org/10.32614/RJ-2016-002.